There are many factors that influence mortgage rates such as inflation, economic growth and most importantly the Federal Reserve. When determining mortgage rates, the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy is taken into consideration.

The Federal Reserve’s monetary policy is set by the Federal Open Market Committee. The Federal Reserve itself is the central banking system of the United States of America. The goal of the Fed is to boost job growth while controlling the amount of inflation. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) has a certain way of maintaining its goal through monetary policy. This is done through the federal fund rates. The federal fund rates are “interest rate that banks charge one another for short-term loans.” These federal fund rates help shape mortgage rates along with other long-term loans.

Neither the mortgage rates or the fed rates follow each other necessarily. Most of the time, the federal funds rate and mortgage rates tend to go the same direction. There are times in history when the Fed has  lead the market and other times the mortgage market has lead.

The FOMC meets eight times a year to work on any necessary changes that might need to be made to the monetary policy. If they make a change, FOMC will let investors know the result of their decision before making the change. This way there will be a consensus derived from the investor’s opinion on the FOMC’s decision. The consensus, for the most part, agrees with the Fed’s decision whether to cut rates, raise them or keep them the same.

Currently, the federal funds rate has been reduced to a range of 0% to 0.25% as of March 15, 2020. The central bank plans to keep the federal funds rate close to zero for the time being. They also will conduct a round of quantitative easing which is a form of economic stimulus the central bank has used in the past.

The quantitative easing planned is for the Feds to purchase around $500 billion of Treasurys and approximately $200 billion of mortgage-backed securities. The Fed hopes this will “add cash to the mortgage banking system to reassure lenders that it’s safe to lend because the Fed is willing to buy the resulting mortgage-backed securities.”

Federal funds rate will not only influence the mortgage rates in the housing market but will also influence the home equity lines of credit (HELOC). The HELOc rates are usually adjustable rates and are based off the Wall Street Journal’s prime rate. In a nutshell, when the Fed cuts the federal funds rate, the interest rate on HELOcs will also go down.

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Mortgage rates have been at record lows for a while now, but with a new emergency rate cut from Federal Reserve rates are at historic lows. Now is the time to refinance or buy a home with the half percentage point cut by the Fed this week which puts the benchmark interest rate range at 1% to 1.25%.

“It’s definitely a good time for someone looking to buy a home to get financing,” said Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst for Bankrate.

Hamrick believes that rates will still go lower. According to Freddi Mac, last weeks are at an average 3.45% for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage and 2.95% for a 15-year fixed-rate mortgage.

“If you’re trying to look for the silver lining in the midst of the current climate,” said Hamrick, “the mortgage interest rate is close to the top of the list.”

The spring market is looking up with the help of the rate cuts. Those that are on the cusp of purchasing a new home might move a step quicker with the favorable rates. The entire real estate sector, not just individual buyers will benefit.

“Hesitant home buyers will be enticed to take advantage of low-interest rates,” said Lawrence Yun, chief economist at the National Association of Realtors, in a statement.

As mentioned earlier, rates will drop even more but should home-buyers wait for lower rates? Those that are in the market to refinance or secure a new mortgage need to weigh the benefits. According to Mike Hennessy, a certified financial planner with Harbor Crest Wealth Advisors in Fort Lauderdale, “if you can meaningfully save on your interest costs, build equity quicker, or extract equity at a reasonable cost to fund a renovation project, then take the bird in hand today.”

Run the numbers to see if it would be beneficial to refinance. Comparing your current rate with the rate that is being offered on a mortgage refinance will help answer your question.

“If the new rate is 75 basis points (0.75%) lower than the current rate, that it’s generally going to be worth it to refinance after the costs of the refi,” said Cynthia Meyer, a certified financial planner with Real Life Planning in New Jersey.

“If you’re planning to stay in your home, run the numbers to see if it makes sense to refi from a 30- to a 15-year mortgage as well,” she said. “You may be able to pay around the same amount every month and get your house paid off a lot sooner, with lower total interest costs.”

Even with the historic low rates, always shop around. Lenders offer competitive rates and some will include closing cost.

“You shouldn’t assume you’re going to get a good deal from a big bank just because you have your checking and saving account with them,” Danielle Seurkamp, a certified financial planner with Well Spent Wealth Planning in Cincinnati, Ohio said. “Often the smaller, community banks offer the best deals.”

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Low Mortgage interest rates have supported a surge in custom home building in the fourth quarter of 2019. The NAHB’s analysis of Census Data from the Quarterly Starts and Completions by Purpose and Design survey revealed that custom home building increased at the end of 2019.

The US Census Bureau’s Survey of Construction (SOC) is a survey conducted by the US Census Bureau and partially funded by HUD (Department of Housing and Urban Development). The SOC reports up to date national and regional data on housing starts, completions and characteristics of all residential housing. The data which is collected includes the start date, completion date, sales date, sales price (single-family houses only), and physical characteristics of each housing unit, such as square footage and number of bedrooms. The Quarterly Starts and Completions by Purpose and Design is based on the Building Permits Survey and from the Survey of Construction (SOC).

The National Association of Home Builder’s analysis shows 44,000 total custom building starts during the fourth quarter of 2019. This is a 16% gain over the same quarter in 2018 which totaled to 38,000 total custom building starts. Data shows a solid gain occurred during the last four quarters with custom housing starts totaling to 177,000.

The custom home building market will continue to expand with demand from both owner and contractor built homes. The low mortgage interest rates will protect the custom home building market thus maintaining the positive custom home building outlook.

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The Census Bureau reported the November 2019 U.S. spending rate for U.S. construction is 4.1% above 2018’s rate for last November. According to the report construction spending amounted to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $1.324 trillion.

Out of the total construction spending, spending on private construction was 1.6% above November 2018’s and is at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $985.5 billion. Residential construction spending came in at a seasonally adjusted annual rate of $536.1 in November making it 2.7% up from a year ago.

“Single-family builders are currently reporting ongoing positive conditions, spurred in part by low mortgage rates and continued job growth,” NAHB Chairman Greg Ugalde said. “In a further sign of solid demand, this is the fourth consecutive month where at least half of all builders surveyed have reported positive buyer traffic conditions.

Homebuilders are confident in the current housing market. The National Association of Home Builders and Wells Fargo suggest the sentiment levels are at 70 points making the rate the second-highest level in 2019. The points are 10 points higher than reported this time in 2018.

The positive housing market is expected to continue in 2020. This forecast is based upon the number of applications for new building permits which were at the highest level in November 2019 than they have been in a decade.

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